Awning type window



Dec. 23, 1952 H. W. THOMAS 2,622,672

AWNING TYPE WINDOW Filed Dec. v5, 1945 4 Sheeps-Sheet 1 lt 'z'- 1 1 Dec. 23, 1952 H. w. THOMAS 2,622,672

AWNING TYPE WINDOW K Dec. 23, 1952 H. w. THOMAS AwNING TYPE WINDOW Filed Dec. 5, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 l i l l Il LNI/w.

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Dec. 23, 1952 H. w. THOMAS AWNING TYPE wiNDow 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Deo. 5, 1945 IIH vl] IN VEN TOR.

12E Maf Patented Dec. 23, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT @FFICE AWNING TYPE WINDOWV Application December 5, 1945, Serial No. 632,990

(Cl. Mil-40) 9 Claims.

This invention relates to window structures, particularly of the so-called awning. window type, and to mechanism for operating the same.

In warm climates ordinaryV Window sashefs are not particularly adapted to provide the maximum free circulation of air, both in inclement weather as well as on sunshiny days.

According to this Y'invention there is vprovided an awning type window which can be opened to an angle of seventy degrees from the vertical to assure maximum ventilation. rThe positioning of the window sash is such that it acts as an awning, preventing the beating in ofrain'. The operating mechanism is entirelyiconcealed but easily accessible for adjustments. The construction oi the invention is such that insect screens are easily applied andY removed when window cleaning is necessary. The construction further is such as'to provide an automatic lock -for veach of the window openings when the windows are closed.

Among the other .objects of the present invention are to provide an vawning type Window and sash and hardware construction. designed so that the sash can be installed or removed from a window frame without having to remove substantially any of the surrounding members of the lamb or sill; to provide an awningftypewindow of preferably metallic construction wherein the metallic window frame is provided with spaced vertically extending hollow .stilesiorming housings in which at least a portion of the operating means may be housed for simultaneously operating a plurality of metallic sash'es disposed in vertically superimposed relation within the window frame and shiitable on horizontal pivots located adjacent thetop rails of. each of the sashes and wherein operating. means preferably comprising a worm gear and Worm, are mounted on one of the inner walls of one of the metallic stiles whereby the worm gear and worm and the linkage mechanism interconnecting it to each of the sash rails are readily accessible for installation and repair simply by removing a detachable wall member of said stile in which the worm gear and worm are mounted.

Yet another object of the invention resides in providing an awning type window comprising a metallic frame member embodying two spaced apart vertically hollow Stiles and a bottom sill member providing a lower. horizontal imperforate sill surface presenting a substantially unobstructed horizontal sill free of operating mechanism and wherein sash operatingV means includinga Worm gear. and interconnected worm are mounted on one of the lower wall portions of one of the hollow stiles substantially at the base thereof and within the vertical projection of the stile walls, there being linkage mechanism disposed in said hollow stile and detachably interconnecting to at least one of the ends of each of the horizontally swingable metallic sash members which metallic sashes being pvoted at their opposite ends to the adjacent metallic stile walls to swing in horizontal axis into closed position substantially to a common plane and to swing outwardly simultaneously in open position, said hollow stile having an opening extending substantially throughout its vertical dimensions whereby said worm and gear mechanism and the linkage connections between the worm and gear mechanism and said sash rails are exposed and wherein there is a detachablestile wall adapted to close the opening in said stile whereby to completely house the operating mechanism within the stile whileA rendering the same substantially accessible for repair, installation or replacement'.

Yet another-object of the invention resides in providing an awning type Window comprising Aa metallic frame of rectangular formation and providing one or more vertical hollow stiles forming one or more of the side members of the frame and a substantially horizontally disposed bottom sill, there being a plurality of vertically disposed metallic sashes mounted in said frame between the verticalstiles thereof, each of the upper rails of each sash having means horizontally pivotally disposed within the confines of the upper sash rail and pivoted to said stiles whereby the said sashes are disposed in vertical superimposed position and to close into a common vertical plane, and to provide a power actuator forsimul'- taneously swinging said sas'hes to open andrclosed position comprising a turnable operator wherein .the operator is mounted 4within av stile Vand wherein means is provided for interconnecting the actuator with each end of each sash'adjacent tothe top rail thereof, said means including linkage mechanism disposed in vertically arranged relation within at least one of said vertical hollow Stiles ofthe window frame and including at least one horizontally disposed shaft interconnecting said operator and certain of said linkage mechanism for simultaneously actuating the opposedA rails of each sash, saidV transmission shaft being horizontally disposed and lying between the spaced vertical Stilesv of *theV window frame and being completely hidden and in a manner `to leave the upper surface of thesill unobstructed.

Yet another object of the invention resides in the construction and arrangement of the upper rail of each horizontally pivoted sash and its connections with the power operated mechanism for simultaneously opening and closing the plurality of the disposed sashes which are arranged 5 in vertically disposed position between the vertical stiles of the window frame and which open and close in a single vertical plane, each upper rail of a sash including a construction and arrangement whereby such upper rail forms a rigidifying strut to facilitate the pivotal swinging of the said window frame about said upper sash as a horizontal axis.

Yet another object of the invention resides in the construction of an awning type window comprising a series of sashes arranged to be hori zontally pivoted to swing about separate horizontal axes to closed position in a common vertical plane with respect to a metallic window frame wherein the upper rail of each sash is provided with a strut-like rigidifying extension adapted rigidly to receive therein a pivotal member which is power turned at one end by a suitably linkage mechanism whereby eiectively to pivotally swing the sash from one or, if desired, from both of its ends.

Yet another object of the invention resides in providing each upper rail, of a vertically disposed series of metallic sashes of an awning window of the type wherein the plurality of sashes close in a vertically extended plane, disposed between metallic stiles of the window frame and wherein each upper rail of each such sash is hollow and receives therethrough a turnable shaft which shaft has linkage mechanism connecting at one end only thereof to power mechanism disposed in a hollow stile of the window frame for power operating said shaft from one end only thereof and wherein said shaft passes through the hollow sash and at its opposite end beyond the side rail of said sash is provided with linkage connections to certain other of the sashes whereby to insure the simultaneous operation of all the said sashes from the common power source.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a construction as just set forth, a power operating mechanism comprising a worm and gear device wherein the turnable gear is journaled on one of the vertical walls of the hollow stile of the metallic window frame and wherein suitable linkage mechanism is connected therefrom to the power transmission shaft which passes through the hollow upper rail of the window sash.

Still other objects are to provide an awning type window wherein the window sashes are constructed to receive yeldable weatherstripping between the upper and lower windows to seal the joint therebetween; to provide an awning type of window wherein an improved power` operating connection is provided between the window sash and the adjacent frame at one side only for swinging the sash to open or closed position; to, provide an awning type window associated with a screen disposed rearwardly thereof wherein the sash for the screen is provided with suitable resilient weatherstripping which not only seals the screen to the surrounding window frame but likewise to the upper and lower sashes of the two window sections that are positioned in front of the screen; to provide an improved type of lever linkage mechanism for operating simultaneously the two or more window sashes of an awning type window; to provide an improved construction of awning type window wherein the window sash is formed of metal pieces of uniform cross section suitably joined together at the corners to provide a rectangular frame to receive a pane of glass or the like, and wherein said cross sectional shapes are provided with grooved portions not only to receive putty and the like to retain the pane in position, but wherein they are provided with additional oppositely extending grooves to receive flexible weatherstripping so that when two of such sash members are in adjacent, spaced apart relation, the weatherstripping of each sash will contact and provide a flexible sealed joint therebetween; to provide in a window structure, in combination with a window frame having a head, opposed spaced side jambs and a sill, opposed, spaced pairs of hinge members mounted on the frame between the head and sill, a plurality of sashes mounted in the space between the side jambs and between the head and sill of the frame, spaced pairs of hinge elements carried by each sash for connection with the respective pairs of hinge members on the frame, at least one of said hinge elements including a slidable pin hingedly connecting hinge elements on the frame and sash, said pair being slidable in a straight line movement relative to a longitudinal axis of the frame member of a sash to disconnect said pivotal hinge connection between said end of the sash and an adjacent portion of the frame, an arm operatively connected to a pivotally mounted sash and having a free end projecting rearwardly of the side jambs of the frame, a shaft mounted on the frame, a crank arm on said shaft, a plurality of operating rods within the spaced side jambs of the frame and connecting a plurality of operating arms, and manually operated gearing means carried by the frame and operative to move the sashes in unison; to provide these and other objects of invention, as will be apparent from a perusal of the following specification when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the front of an awning type window installation;

Fig. 2 is a front view of a portion of an installation;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a plan sectional view taken on the line 5--5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a window installation showing another embodiment of this invention.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of an enlarged scale taken along the line 'l--l of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of the window installation shown in Figs. 7 and 8 taken on a larger scale showing further details of construction.

Fig. l0 is a sectional view taken on the line lU-IO of Fig. 9 and shown on a still larger scale and showing the lower sash and the power operating connections.

Fig. 11 is a partial plan sectional view through the upper sash and the transmission shaft for the lower sash as seen when taken along line l I-l I in Fig. 6, but with the windows in a closed position.

Fig. l2 is a fragmentary sectional view, similar to Fig. 1l, of a modified form of construction va'esagevs in which a different arrangement of the weatherstripping is employed.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, the improved awning type window comprises any type of outer masonry sill member 2 and an inside frame member il adapted to receive an inside window sill El. In addition there is a top frame member 8 and a front and back masonry construction it and l2 associated with said frame member, all to provide a rectangular opening to receive a rectangular metallic window frame I4 which is adapted to lit or be'positioned in the masonry as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and 4. As shown in Fig. 3, on one side, preferably the left side as shown in Fig. 2, of the metallic window frame ift, the same is formed hollow to provide a housing or compartment where the mechanism for raising and lowering the sashes is housed, so that it cannot be seen from the outside or from the inside. The lower horizontal portion i5 provides an imperforate sill against which the lower sash of the window closes. This sill is substantially horizontal and is substantially free of obstructions entirely thereacross whereby a clear and unobstructed view is insured. Projecting rearwardly inwardly from the housing at the lower corner thereof is a shaft l operating in a bearing is affixed to the sill t. The inner end of the shaft it carries a handle E9 for turning 'he same. rihe shaft it has on its opposite end a worm b2 gearing with a toothed sector 2li on a shaft t mounted on plates i8 disposed in the side jambe of the frame or housing. The sector has an arm pivotally connected as at t2 with a lever tl. This lever in turn is pivotally connected at 15;Y with a shorter lever 33, and the pivot in turn connects with another longer lever which is pivotally connected as at with another shorter lever The levers il and ed, as shown in Fig. 3, carry at their inner ends a short pin As shown in Figure 5, this pin has a round portion Z3 turnable in a bearing of the stationary frame member 52, and also has a squared portion sil adapted to slide endwise into a square-shaped socket 5S in a rigid lateral extension or projection 58, either cast integrally with one of the shiftable sash members which are preferably metallic hereinafter to be described or suitably integrally joined thereto. The pin 4S may be assembled by moving it endwise so that its squared end 54 slides into the socket 5t, and its round portion iii slides into the bearing in the frame member 52. Thus, the sash is connected to the window frame for pivotal movement about the axis of the pin it, which axis extends in substantially the same horizontal plane as the upper rail of the sash, as shown in Fig. 4. The sash may be disassembled from the window frame by moving or sliding the pin 46 axially outwardly from the socket 5t. If desired a set screw ed may be used to restrain the square shaft against endwise disconnection from its square socket 5G in the sash projection 58. Upon suitable shifting movement of the levers 38 and 44 the two sash members d'2 and 65, the same being the upper and lower sashes, will be shifted to the dotted lines shown in Fig. 4 or will be shifted from the dotted line position to the closed position. The sash operating mechanism is thus disposed at one side only of each window sash and simultaneously operates all the sashes equal distances in opening and closing operation. The

ther end of the 'top rail of the sash may be suitably pivotally mounted to the window frame to permit this opening'and closing operation."

Removal ofthe sash from the frame may be effected by endw'ise withdrawal of the pin 46 and withdrawing the bearing 48 and the pin' 46 endwise from the circular stationary bearing in which the round bearing `48 is turnable. This disconnection may be accomplished only from the inside or inboard side of the window, due 'to the fact that the window frame I4 always prevents access to the pivot pin 4t from the outer or front side of the window.

Each window sash is composed of a preferably metallic frame of identical section except for'the projections 58 which are cast integrally with `'or fastened to the upper rails of each Window. The rails are formed of the cross sectional shape shown at'SZ in Figure 4 and include Ia central hollow portion il@ and two upper inwardly extending iianges '68 and 'l0 forming va narrow pocket i2 therebetween, which pocket iswider inside of the flangestV and 'iu than at the mouth between the nanges, whereby to receive and hold a weatherstripping 'lliof preferably resilient material of the general shape shown at 'I4 in Fig. 4. The opposite wall of the sash includes an integral, downwardly extending wall 'I8 and a relatively short flange or toe '89 to provide a pocket t2 to receive putty and other glazing material. The window pane t4 is shown as securely held in position by thetoe Sil and the putty E2 in the pockets. It will benoted that the upper rail S5 of the lower window sash is likewise configured of the same cross section to receive a resilient weatherstripping 86 which in association with the weatherstripping 14 is adapted to seal the junction of the two swingable window sashes when in closed position as shown in Fig. 4.

immediately to the rear of the window sashes as in their closed position, the metallic frame member Ii at the bottom is provided with an upstanding,`relatively short wall or partition 88 to provide a stop for the inner position of the lower window sash, and a weatherstrip is also provided to prevent moisture from entering to the rear of the sash from the outside. The upper frame i5, see Fig. 4, is provided with a similarly formed, downwardly extending ange Sil which accomplishes a similar function. There is also a side flange on either side of the frame as shown at 9i in the Fig. 5. These side frames 9i ineach instance provide a means for positioning the screen frame This screen frame is shown as comprising a hollow, square-like cross section having an inwardly extending lug 9d and an oppositely extending lip 9S, which are adapted to receive and hold therebetween a screen weatherstripping di?. This screen weatherstripping being or" flexible material, in cooperation with the lip et is adapted to clinch the screen ill firmly in position between the top and the bottom and side screen frame portions @2. This weatherstripping es which thus entirely surrounds the screen frame 92 has one portion HM whiohyieldingly contacts the rear wall of the frames B8 and has an additional spaced portion l which yieldingly contacts the back of the lower frame of the lower window sash. This weatherstripping 5&3 forms aweatherstripping completely around all four sides of the screen and the portion |04 n contacts at all places the rear wall of the sashes of the various window panes.

Thus when the two window sashes shown in Fig. 4 are closed, the weatherstripping 'lll and 86 seals the horizontal joint therebetween and the weatherstripping portions 106 and |04 seal Aagainst the rear face of the sashes of the windows and against the rear faces of the flanges 88 and 80, completely around the margins of the windows.

In addition to the foregoing, the front wall of the frame |4 is provided with a depending guard |08 which prevents the entrance of moisture into the space between the upper window -the removal of the endwise disconnectible hinge pin 46 may be accomplished only from the inside of the window by removing the cover plate to provide access to the pin 46.

Modified construction Referring now to Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and l1, the metallic window frame |20 is fitted in the building opening and caulked at |22, |24, and |26. As shown in Figure 9, a hollow metallic sash |28 is fixedly mounted on a shaft |30 suitably journaled in openings in the frame. Similarly, a low hollow, metallic sash |32 is xedly mounted on a transmission shaft |34 hereinafter described, likewise journaled in the frame |20. Also as shown in Figure 9, the sashes |28 and |32 are provided with preferably glass panes |36 secured by means of putty or similar glazing material |38.

Means for operating these sashes simultaneously comprises a crank |40 which is secured to a shaft |42 which carries a Worm |44 engaging a toothed wheel or sector |46. The wheel or sector |46 is formed with an arm |48 which is pivotally connected to the thus manually shiftable vertical link |50. The vertical link 50 is connected to a linkage mechanism which is partially shown in dotted lines in Fig. 9 and which is identical to the mechanism at the opposite side of the window sash shown in Fig. 6. Thus the link |50 is pivoted to a short link identical to the link |52 by pin |54.

As shown in Figure 8, the other end of link I 52 engages one squared end |55 of a shaft or pin |56, which shaft is rotatably journaled in the metallic window frame |20. One end of a link |58 is provided with a square hole which fits over and is thus secured to the opposite or other squared end |59 of the shaft or pin |56 so that links |58 and |52 form in effect a bell crank lever, as can be seen by reference to Fig. 8. The construction is such that both links |52 and |58 will traverse the same angle upon motion of either. The end of link |58 is provided with a roller |60 adapted to engage the sidewalls of the channel |62 formed in the sash |32 as can readily be seen by reference to Figs. 6, 7, and l0. A power link |64 extends between pin |54 on the lower sash linkage and pin |66 on the upper sash linkage. Connected to the upper end of power link |64 by pin |66 is a short link |68 similar to link |52. One end of link |68 is. secured to one squared portion of a shaft |10 rotatably journaled in the frame |20 to the other squared portion of which shaft |10 there is fastened one end of a link |12 similar to link |58. The other end of link |12 carries a roller |14 similar to roller |62 adapted to ride in a groove in the side lrails of sash |28 similar to groove |62 in sash |32.

Pivoted to the power operated link |64 by pivot pin |16 there is a short link |18. The other end of link |18 is secured to the squared portion |80 of the transmission shaft |34, see Figure '1. It will be clear that as the link |64 shifts link |58 to sash open position, the transmission shaft |34 will likewise rotate and shift the sash |32 to open position. The transmission shaft |34 like the transmission shaft |30 is secured to both vertical side rails of the sash so that in the lower window there are two forces tending to rotate the window both to open and closed position. The force imparted to the side rail through which the roller |60 acts, is thus transmitted through the shaft |34 to the other side rail of the sash, minimizing lateral warping of the sash. The transmission shaft |34 see Figs. 6 and 9 is connected at its opposite ends with identical links |18 which are in turn pivoted to identical links |64. This linkage is duplicated on both sides or both sides of the window sash except that the operating mechanism and the power link |50 are omitted on the side shown. The transmission shafts insure that the linkage on both sides of the sashes operate in unison. The construction can be seen by reference to Fig. 11 in which power from the transmission shaft |34 is transmitted to the link |18 which is pinned to vertical link |64. The window is operable and may be operated without the use of the short link |18 which is auxiliary to the main opening force exerted through the link |58. It may be omitted as shown in the operating arrangement of the upper sash. The upper shaft |30 of the upper sash |20 is secured for rotation with both vertical or side rails of the sash |28.

Secured to the upper portion of the lower sash |32 there is provided a gasket of rubber or other suitable resilient material |84 against which the lower rail of the upper sash |28 is adapted to seal. An insect screen frame |86 is provided with a peripheral channel portion |88 in which elongated strips of resilient material such as rubber |90 are adapted to be housed as can readily be seen by reference to Figs. 9, 10, and 11. 'Ihe screen frame is positioned by means of plates |92 held by screws |94 to the metallic window frame |20. The rubber or resilient sealing strips are formed with extensions |96 against which the upper portion of the upper sash. the side portions of both the upper and lower sashes and the lower portion of the lower sash are adapted to seal as can readily be seen by reference to Figs. 9, l0, and 11. The rubber strips are formed with button-like projections adapted to seat in the channel portions |88. Clamped between the screen frame |86 and the resilient strips |90 is the insect screen |98 proper. The entire screen can be readily removed for cleaning the inside of the windows by simply removing the retaining plates |92. When the windows are in closed position, they are sealed around their peripheries by the sealing strips |90 and at their juncture transversely by the sealing strip |84. 'Ihe mechanism which operates the windows is at once a locking mechanism holding the windows in locked position. The plates |92 which hold the screen frame in position also act as cover plates to conceal the operating hardware as can readily be seen by reference to Figs. 10 and 11. A snap-on shield 200 is secured t0 the upper portion of the window frame |20 as can be seen by reference to Fig. 9.

aesaev 9 lil The frames Secured to the studcline 2t? lis/'wood curing sais te sais. :rotation screws Zilli. Spring clips .tilt are used over therewith.

grooved portions of the 'oivot pins or shafts to A window construction comprising a rechold the parts in assembled position. Fiber tangular including a substantially washers @et are used to provide hearing suriaces s horizonte? lower forming a sill and a and seal against leakage of rain water. The stilista ily horizontal up niemeer 'forming a links secured to squared portions of shafts are i1- ine said frame including provided with set loins Elli to hold the parte in hollow vertical said hollow stiles assembled position. having inwardly projecting ertically extending Referring now to Fig. l2, and comparing it l s spaced inwardly from the outer faces with Fig. ll, it will he apparent that the weathers to forni vertical ahutments for the stripping i9@ is lodged in a channel portion 2 rality oi" metallic window formed in the window frame i. The sash is rising upper and lower horiadapteo. to seal against one lip of the weatl er* and vertical side rails disposed in stripping in closed position as shown the r" rmation, each sash when in closed screen sash against the other lip of the weather nding between the hollow stiles with strip ist. side rails or" the saslies abutting the It will he seen that the objects of the inv'enM ide flanges of the hollow stiles, pivot tion have heen accomplished. There is provided uhstantially in a horizontal an awning type windet-J which can be opened to to uhstantially the longitudinal an angle or seventy the vertical to rail oi each sash and assure maximum ventilation. The operating i rtical walls or" the hollow stiles mechanism is entirely concealed hut easily ac and outer of co G? m cessible for adjustments. Insect screens t hollow stiles, a tuator mounted in one easily applied and removed and the weatherstrini c id hollow Stiles adjacent the sill operning at once acts to hold the insect screens in o linkage within said holow stile and conplace in the screen frame. he construction is L g sei-l ctuating ineens to each of said such that when the windows are closed they ivots when automatically locked. into place. The cross conoperated, said sill and nection of the side rails of the sash through the :lo transmission shafts and the duplication of the linkage enables the use of operating mechanism on one without the distortion of the sash iithe process of opening and closing windows.

If desired, a dual opening action may he exercised. oy the addition of a simple short link.

It will be understood that certain features sub-combinations are of utility and may he ernnloyed without reierence to other features suh-comhinations- This is contemplated by and it *1 havii g inwardly proe es extending between the walls of hollow stiles and a mounted in said w frame inwardly of side flange-s and Jardly projecting of the sill mem the head niemeer, there being weatherff carried hy screen and abutting all .sul ilange-s and all the rails of the sashes l. the saches are in closed position. l

window construction comprising a recrnetal including a s ihstantially is within the sco-pe of the claims. it is further lower .aber forzr'ne a sill, said obvious that various changes may he made Re Snaced, Vertical Stiles one 01"' details within the of the claims without Cllbl, Sad Stiles havrojeeting vertically exten ing side 'ced inwardly Jtrof-i1 the outer faces of s to orin verti al ahutinents for the a plurality of metallic window rising upper lower horivertical side rails disposed in formation, each sash when in closed e departing from the sl irit of the invention. It is, therefore, to loe understood that this invention is not to he liroied to the specide dei shown and described.

extending between the stiles with the sashes adjacent t fside rails of the sashes abutting the ed in said window rar g ie saslies to ts journaled in window --tending side nges or the stiles, a pivot pin t pivotaliy mount end et the window l pivot nin being mounted within the adjacent wall of the charnoered stile for l -e removal therefrom to p .iit withdrawal .i the onerating gearing on the .tralneand operative i conleerefrom to each sash, certain or said i connections being mounted in or" said s and journaled in the wall of the adjacent *ne including a substantially er io g a sill and a .ernloer iorining .traine including ollow vertical stiles, said hollow Stiles yardly projecti l i e extending e 'd'. .ges ced inw-acdii from the outer faces e stiles to forro. vertical ahutrzents for "Wow sashes, a n iralitometallic window il comprising upper and lower horisasl'ie 1ooves, lon-3f l o:

v l, .F.ie. y .l 2. A window in c l in which the for pivotally siuoporting the comprises a pair of transmission shafts. :means for zontal rails and vertical side rails disposed in rectangular formation, each sash when in closed position extending between the hollow Stiles with the vertical side rails of the sashes abutting the vertical side flanges of the hollow Stiles, pivot means disposed substantially in a horizontal plane including the longitudinal center line of the upper rail of each sash and journaled in the vertical walls of the hollow Stiles between the side flanges and the outer faces of the hollow stiles, an actuator mounted in one of said hollow stiles adjacent the Sill and operating linkage within said hollow stile and connecting said actuating means to each of said sashes to swing said sashes on said pivots when said actuating means is operated, said sill and said head frame member having inwardly projecting flanges extending between the walls of the hollow Stiles and a screen mounted in said window frame inwardly of said side anges and said inwardly projecting anges of the sill member and the head member, there being weatherstripping carried by said screen and abutting all of said flanges and all the rails of the sashes when the sashes are in closed position, and manually operable means controlling withdrawal of the pivot pins to permit removal of the sashes from the metal frame.

6. A window construction comprising a rectangular metal frame including a substantially horizontal lower member forming a sill and a substantially horizontal upper member forming a head frame member, said frame including spaced, hollow vertical stiles, said hollow stiles having inwardly projecting vertically extending side fianges spaced inwardly from the outer faces of the Stiles to form vertical abutments for the window sashes, a plurality of metallic window sashes each comprising upper and lower horizontal rails and vertical side rails disposed in rectangular formation, each sash when in closed position extending between the hollow stiles with the vertical side rails of the sashes abutting the vertical side flanges of the hollow Stiles, pivot means disposed substantially in a horizontal plane including the longitudinal center line of the upper rail of each sash and journaled in the vertical walls of the hollow stiles between the side flanges and the outer faces of the hollow stiles, an actuator mounted in one of said hollow Stiles adjacent the sill and operating linkage within Said hollow stile and connecting Said actuating means to each of said sashes to swing said sashes on said pivots when said actuating means is operated, said sill and said head frame member having inwardly projecting flanges extending between the walls of the hollow Stiles and a screen mounted in said window frame inwardly of said side anges and said inwardly projecting anges of the sill member and the head member, there being weatherstripping carried by said screen and abutting all of said flanges and all the rails of the sashes when the sashes are in closed position, manually operable means controlling withdrawal of the pivot pins to permit removal of the sashes from the metal frame, said manually operable means projecting from the pivots through the rail of the sash for manual operation.

7. In a window structure, in combinationv with a window frame having a head, opposed spaced side jambs and a sill, opposed, spaced pairs of hinge members mounted on the frame between the head and sill, a plurality of sashes mounted 1n the space between the side jambs and between the head and sill of the frame, spaced pairs of hinge elements carried by each sash for connection with the respective pairs of hinge members on the frame, one of said hinge elements including a slidable pin hingedly connecting hinge elements on the frame and sash, Said pin being slidable in a straight line movement in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the frame member of a sash to disconnect said pivotal hinge connection between said end of the sash and an adjacent portion of the frame, an arm operatively connected to a pivotally mounted sash and having a free end projecting rearwardly of the side jambs of the frame, a shaft mounted on the frame, a crank arm on said shaft, a plurality of operating rods within the spaced side jambs of the frame and connecting a plurality of operating arms, and manually operated gearing means carried by the frame and operative to move the sashes in unison.

8. A window, including in combination a window frame, a sash, comprising a frame of upper and side rails, a turnable shaft mounted in the upper rail of Said sash having rigid extensions projecting from opposite ends thereof and journaled in opposite sides of the window frame, a vertically extending link disposed adjacent one side of the window frame, means operable inboard of said window for raising and lowering Said vertical link, a stub shaft rotatably mounted in said one side of the window frame, a short link pivoted to said vertical link, said short link being rigidly secured to said stub shaft for rotation therewith, an elongated groove formed in one side rail of said window sash, a roller positioned in said elongated groove, a long link operatively connected to said stub shaft for rotation therewith, said long link supporting said roller, a second vertical link disposed adjacent the 0pposite side of said window frame, a second short link rigidly connected to said rst mentioned shaft and pivotally connected to said second vertical link, and linkage means connected to said second vertical link and the opposite side rail of the Sash, causing actuation of the sash by forces applied to both side rails.

9. A window construction, comprising a rectangular window frame having a substantially horizontal sill and a pair of spaced vertically disposed stiles, at least one of said stiles including spaced vertical side walls and a front wall to provide a hollow chamber accessible only from the inboard side of the window, a plurality of superposed rectangular window sashes, each comprising horizontal upper and lower rails and opposed vertical side rails, said sashes being disposed between said stiles, socket means on an end of each upper rail adjacent said hollow Stile, said hollow Stile having a plurality of openings in one side wall in alignment with each of said socket means, a plurality of pivot pins each slidably and removably disposed through one of said openings and in engagement with one of said socket means to Support pivotally said sashes on said window frame with one end of said pins extending into said hollow chamber, means for preventing relative rotation between said pins and said socket members, linkage means disposed within said hollow chamber, said linkage means being rigidly connected to said extending ends of the pins, whereby upon actuation of the linkage mechanism the pins and their associated sashes are rotated about an axis extending through the upper rails of the sashes, and turnable actuating means diSPOsed within said hollow stile and con- 13 nected with said linkage mechanism, said actuating mechanism including a rotatable shaft extending rearwardly out of the hollow stile, said pivot pins, linkage mechanism, and actuating mechanism being accessible only through the open inboard portion of the hollow stile.

HARRY W. THOMAS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 381,649 Sherrington Apr. 24, 1888 1,583,597 Lafferty May 4, 1926 1,891,485 Tracy Dec. 20, 1932 1,925,817 Plym Sept. 5, 1983 Number Number 

